
One of the most momentous events in modern history, the
French Revolution was caused by the interaction of long-term, structural problems associated with the Ancien Regime, new Enlightment ideas that challenged the old order and a short term financial and economic crisis that were exacerbated by an hesitant and politically inept king (Louis XVI.
For a good introduction to the topic try looking at the following videos from a
History Channel documentary on the subject on You Tube. Parts 2, 3 and 4 are the ones to watch for events up to the storming of the Bastille.
And for an outline of events try looking at the
Spark Notes site on the Revolution.